基于逆向分层的工作流时间-费用优化方法

针对效用网格下基于优先级因子的工作流时间-费用优化问题,基于工作流的同步完成特征对任务进行分层并提出三种实时调度算法:基于逆向分层的sufferage(BLSuff)、基于逆向分层的min-min(BLMin)及基于逆向分层的min-max(BLMax)。算法设计基于优先级因子的衡量标准对时间与费用同时进行优化,并为任务设置期望完成时间以达到充分利用费用优化空间进行费用优化的目标。实验结果表明这三种算法在各种优先级因子下都能对工作流的执行时间与执行费用进行较好的优化。     

模拟海深条件下提升阀流动特性的实验研究

水压传动技术应用于深海环境可以直接从海洋中吸水加压,高压水作功之后可以直接排入海洋,不需要水箱和回水管道,大大简化了系统,具有独特的优势。然而,在深海作业时,液压元件的工况同陆地相比有较大的差异,海深压力相当于在元件出口加了一个背压。文中用背压来模拟海水压力,对以水作介质时背压对提升阀口流量特性的影响进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,背压使得流量饱和更容易发生;有背压时的流量系数比没有背压时的流量系数大;当阀芯和阀座有叠合时,背压对阀口流量特性的影响比阀芯和阀座没有叠合时的影响大。     

Cyclic preference scheduling for nurses using branch and price

This paper presents a new methodology to solve the cyclic preference scheduling problem for hourly workers. The focus is on nurse rostering but is applicable to any organization in which the midterm scheduling decision must take into account a complex of legal, institutional, and preferential constraints. The objective is to strike a balance between satisfying individual preferences and minimizing personnel costs. The common practice is to consider each planning period independently and to generate new rosters at the beginning of each. To reduce some of the instability in the process, there is a growing trend toward cyclic schedules, which are easier to manage and are generally perceived to be more equitable. To address this problem, a new integer programming model is presented that combines the elements of both cyclic and preference scheduling. To find solutions, a branch‐and‐price algorithm is developed that makes use of several branching rules and an extremely effective rounding heuristic. A unique feature of the formulation is that the master problem contains integer rather than binary variables. Computational results are reported for problem instances with up to 200 nurses. Most were solved within 10 minutes and many within 3 minutes when a double aggregation approach was applicable. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007.     

Parallel machine scheduling with job assignment restrictions

In the classical multiprocessor scheduling problem independent jobs must be assigned to parallel, identical machines with the objective of minimizing the makespan. This article explores the effect of assignment restrictions on the jobs for multiprocessor scheduling problems. This means that each job can only be processed on a specific subset of the machines. Particular attention is given to the case of processing times restricted to one of two values, 1 and λ, differing by at most 2. A matching based polynomial time ε‐approximation algorithm is developed that has a performance ratio tending to . This algorithm is shown to have the best possible performance, tending to 3/2, for processing times 1 and 2. For the special case of nested processing sets, i.e., when the sets of machines upon which individual jobs may be assigned are non‐overlapping, the behavior of list scheduling algorithms is explored. Finally, for assignment restrictions determined by just one characteristic of the machines, such as disc storage or memory constraint in the case of high performance computing, we contribute an algorithm that provides a 3/2 worst case bound and runs in time linear in the number of jobs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

凹腔超声速流场结构的试验研究

对超声速冷流情况下凹腔流场特性进行了试验和数值仿真研究,分析了不同构型的凹腔对超声速流场的影响。研究结果表明,在5～9范围内长深比L/D对凹腔流场结构基本没有影响;在30°～60°范围内,凹腔后壁倾角θ不会改变凹腔流场整体结构和特征,但对剪切层的空间发展和凹腔回流区结构有比较大的影响。     

卫星数传调度模型研究

卫星数传调度问题是一个具有多时间窗口、多资源约束的优化问题。针对该问题,建立了卫星数传需求模型、任务模型和调度模型。在建模过程中,采用了框架模型形式,把问题中的主要约束封闭于每个数传任务中,这在降低调度模型复杂度的同时,也降低了调度算法设计难度。还提出了调度算法设计思想,并设计了一基于灵活度的调度算法。仿真表明,所建立的模型及算法对解决卫星数传调度问题是可行的。     

一种新型的计算化学非平衡流动的解耦方法

给出一种计算化学非平衡流动的解耦方法。利用该方法从薄层近似N S方程出发 ,采用NND2M差分格式 ,数值模拟了H2 /O2 燃烧的超音速绕流场 ;计算表明这种方法可以有效地解决刚性问题 ,而且与现有的隐式算法相比 ,具有公式推导简便 ,占用内存少 ,计算效率高等优点 ,特别适合于多组分和多反应的情况     

计算机辅助三向伴流场的测试技术研究

运用计算机技术对三向伴流场的测试进行研究,对多点三向伴流场测量系统原理、方法及计算机辅助采样、计算和分析进行了阐述．     

发动机冷却水三维流动的实验研究

本文介绍了作者用实验方法研究发动机冷却水三维流动的若干成果,内容包括发动机冷却水腔模型的水流动实验台构成,流动显影、流速测量方法的应用与效果.该项实验结果为三维流场数值模拟方法的研究提供了重要依据,该顶成果为今后该领域的实验研究尊定了基础.     

求解跨音速流动时物面边界条件的处理方法

用时间相关法求解跨音速流动时,合理而有效地处理物面边界条件是十分重要的。本文提出几种物面边界条件的处理方法,并对几个例子进行了数值试验,对其结果进行了讨论。